Post 14- An Introduction to Forex Orders

Market Orders
Market Orders are orders that are executed live on the market at the current price. A market order can be used to open or close a trade at the market price.

Limit Orders
Limit Orders are typically orders used to exit the market in profit. If you are going long, the limit order will be above the market price and if you are going short, the limit order will be below the market price. You can think of a limit order to be like a finish line. Once the market price crosses the limit order, your trade will be closed and your profit will be realized to your account balance.


Stop Orders or Stop Loss Orders
Stop Orders are also an exit order that will close your trade. Commonly referred to as a stop loss order, this type of order is intended to limit the amount of loss incurred by your trade. A stop loss order will close your trade at a designated level of loss. Stop losses can also be used to lock in gains as your trades progress into profit.

Entry Orders
Entry Orders are orders to enter the market at a specified price. It is almost impossible to monitor the market every second and this is why an entry order can be handy. If you feel the market may take a certain action, such as break through a price that it has been touching but it has not been able to break, you would want to use an Entry Limit Order. Once the price crosses your Entry Limit Order, you are in the market.

Entry Orders can be a double edged sword. The advantage is that you can enter the market when it moves while you are away or not paying attention. The disadvantage is the market can touch your Entry Order and take it negative before you have the chance to evaluate the move. This is where good risk management practices come into play.

Post 14-How Does Forex Trading Work?

Forex trading is typically done through a broker or market maker. As a forex trader you can choose a currency pair that you feel is going to change in value and place a trade accordingly. For example, if you had purchased 1,000 Euros in January of 2005, it would have cost you around $1,200 USD. Throughout 2005 the Euro’s value vs. the U.S. Dollar’s value increased. At the end of the year 1,000 Euros was worth $1,300 U.S. Dollars. If you had chosen to close your trade at that point, you would have made $100.

Forex trades can be placed through a broker or market maker. Orders can be placed with just a few clicks and the broker then passes the order along to a partner in the Interbank Market to fill your position. When you close your trade, the broker closes the position on the Interbank Market and credits your account with the loss or gain. This can all happen literally within a few seconds.

Post 1-Forex trading examples

Example 1

An investor has a margin deposit with Saxo Bank of USD 100,000.

The investor expects the US dollar to rise against the Swiss franc and therefore decides to buy USD 2,000,000 - 2% of his maximum possible exposure at a 1% margin Forex gearing.

The Saxo Bank dealer quotes him 1.5515-20. The investor buys USD at 1.5520.

Day 1: Buy USD 2,000,000 vs. CHF 1.5520 = Sell CHF 3,104,000.

Four days later, the dollar has actually risen to CHF 1.5745 and the investor decides to take his profit.

Upon his request, the Saxo Bank dealer quotes him 1.5745-50. The investor sells at 1.5745.

Day 5: Sell USD 2,000,000 vs. CHF 1.5745 = Buy CHF 3,149,000.

As the dollar side of the transaction involves a credit and a debit of USD 2,000,000, the investor's USD account will show no change. The CHF account will show a debit of CHF 3,104,000 and a credit of CHF 3,149,000. Due to the simplicity of the example and the short time horizon of the trade, we have disregarded the interest rate swap that would marginally alter the profit calculation.

This results in a profit of CHF 45,000 = approx. USD 28,600 = 28.6% profit on the deposit of USD 100,000.


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Example 2:
The investor follows the cross rate between the EUR and the Japanese yen. He believes that this market is headed for a fall. As he is not quite confident of this trade, he uses less of the leverage available on his deposit. He chooses to ask the dealer for a quote in EUR 1,000,000. This requires a margin of EUR 1,000,000 x 5% = EUR 10,000 = approx. USD 52,500 (EUR /USD 1.05).

The dealer quotes 112.05-10. The investor sells EUR at 112.05.

Day 1: Sell EUR 1,000,000 vs. JPY 112.05 = Buy JPY 112,050,000.

He protects his position with a stop-loss order to buy back the EUR at 112.60. Two days later, this stop is triggered as the EUR o strengthens short term in spite of the investor's expectations.

Day 3: Buy EUR 1,000,000 vs. JPY 112.60 = Sell JPY 112,600,000.

The EUR side involves a credit and a debit of EUR 1,000,000. Therefore, the EUR account shows no change. The JPY account is credited JPY 112.05m and debited JPY 112.6m for a loss of JPY 0.55m. Due to the simplicity of the example and the short time horizon of the trade, we have disregarded the interest rate swap that would marginally alter the loss calculation.

This results in a loss of JPY 0.55m = approx. USD 5,300 (USD/JPY 105) = 5.3% loss on the original deposit of USD 100,000.


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Example 3
The investor believes the Canadian dollar will strengthen against the US dollar. It is a long term view, so he takes a small position to allow for wider swings in the rate:

He asks Saxo Bank for a quote in USD 1,000,000 against the Canadian dollar. The dealer quotes 1.5390-95 and the investor sells USD at 1.5390. Selling USD is the equivalent of buying the Canadian dollar.

Day 1: Sell USD 1,000,000 vs. CAD 1.5390. He swaps the position out for two months receiving a forward rate of CAD 1.5357 = Buy CAD 1,535,700 for Day 61 due to the interest rate differential.

After a month, the desired move has occurred. The investor buys back the US dollars at 1.4880. He has to swap the position forward for a month to match the original sale. The forward rate is agreed at 1.4865.

Day 31: Buy USD 1,000,000 vs. CAD 1.4865 = Sell CAD 1,486,500 for Day 61.

Day 61: The two trades are settled and the trades go off the books. The profit secured on Day 31 can be used for margin purposes before Day 61.

The USD account receives a credit and debit of USD 1,000,000 and shows no change on the account. The CAD account is credited CAD 1,535,700 and debited CAD 1,486,500 for a profit of CAD 49,200 = approx. USD 33,100 = profit of 33.1% on the original deposit of USD 100,000.

Post 13-Forex-Glossary

• Appreciation

An increase in the value of a currency.
• Ask

The price requested by the trader. This usually indicates the lowest price a seller will accept.
• Base currency

The currency that the investor buys or sells (i.e. EUR in EURUSD).
• Bear

Someone who believes prices are heading down. A bear market is one in which there has been a sustained fall in prices and which does not look like it will recover quickly.
• Bid

The price offered by the trader. This usually indicates the highest price a purchaser will pay.
• Bid/Ask

The Bid rate is the rate at which you can sell. The Ask (or offer) rate is the rate at which you can buy.
• Bull

Someone who is optimistic about the market. A bull market is characterised by enthusiastic and sustained buying.
• cross

When trading with currencies, the investor buys one currency with another. These two currencies form the cross: for example, EURUSD.
• Cross rate

An exchange rate that is calculated from two other exchange rates.
• Depreciation/decline

A fall in the value of a currency.
• Exchange rate

What one currency is worth in terms of another, for example the Australian dollar might be worth 58 US cents or 70 yen.Currencies traded freely on foreign-exchange markets have a spot rate (applying to trades settled “spot”, i.e., two working days hence) and a forward rate. Countries can determine their exchange rates in a variety of ways.1. A floating exchange rate system where the currency finds its own level in the market.2. A crawling or flexible peg system which is a combination of an officially fixed rate and frequent small adjustments which in theory work against a build-up of speculation about a revaluation or devaluation.3. A fixed exchange-rate system where the value of the currency is set by the government and/or the central bank.
• EURUSD

Means that you trade EUR against dollars. If you buy euro you pay in dollars and if you sell euro you receive dollars.
• FX, Forex, Foreign Exchange

All names for the transaction of one currency for another, e.g. you buy GBP 100.00 with USD 150.25 or sell USD 150.25 for GBP 100.00.
• Interbank

Short-term (often overnight) borrowing and lending between banks, as distinct from a banks business with their corporate clients or other financial institutions.
• Interest rate differential

The yield spread between two otherwise comparable debt instruments denominated in different currencies.
• Leverage (gearing)

The investor only funds part of the amount traded.
• Long

To buy.
• Long position

A position that increases its value if market prices increase.
• Liquid (-ity)

The capacity to be converted easily and with minimum loss into cash. A liquid market is one in which there is enough activity to satisfy both buyers and sellers. Ultra-short-dated treasury notes are an example of a liquid investment.
• Margin

The deposit required when entering into a position as well as to hold an open position. Your margin status can be monitored in the Account Summary.
• NYSE

The New York Stock Exchange.
• Open position

A position in a currency that has not yet been offset. For example, if you have bought 100,000 USDJPY, you have an open position in USDJPY until you offset it by selling 100,000 USDJPY, thus “closing” the position.
• Over the counter

When trading takes place directly between two parties, rather than on an exchange. Over the counter trades can be customised whereas exchange-traded products are often standardised.
• Pips

A pip is the smallest unit by which a Forex cross price quote changes. So if EURUSD bid is now quoted at 0.9767 and it moves up 2 pips, it will be quoted at 0.9769.
• Position

Traders talk of “taking a position” which simply means buying or selling currency cross. “Position” can also refer to a trader's cash/securities/currencies balance, whether he or she is short of cash, has money to lend, is overbought or oversold in a currency, etc.
• Risk

Trying to control outcomes to a known or predictable range of gains or losses. Risk management involves several steps which begin with a sound understanding of one's business and the exposures or risks that have to be covered to protect the value of that business. Then an assessment should be made of the types of variables that can affect the business and how best to protect against unwelcome outcomes. Consideration must also be given to the preferred risk profile – whether one is risk – averse or fairly aggressive in approach. This also involves deciding which instruments to use to manage risk and whether a natural hedge exists that can be used. Once undertaken, a risk-management strategy should be continually assessed for effectiveness and cost.
• Secondary currency (variable currency or counter currency)

The currency that the investor trades the base currency against (i.e. USD in EURUSD).
• Short position

A position that benefits from a decline in market prices.
• Short

To sell.
• Speculative

Buying and selling in the hope of making a profit, rather than doing so for some fundamental business-related need.
• Spot

A Spot rate is the current market price of an asset.
• Spot market

The part of the market calling for spot settlement of transactions. The precise meaning of “spot” will depend on local custom for a commodity, security or currency. In the UK, US and Australian foreign-exchange markets, “spot” means delivery two working days hence.
• Spread

The difference between the bid and the ask rate.

Post 12-Forex Trade and Forex Exchange

Forex, FX, or Foreign Exchange, is the simultaneous exchange of one country's currency for that of another. FOREXYARD offers leading online trading platforms for individuals that wish to speculate on the exchange rate between two currencies. In doing so, speculators purchase or sell one currency for another with the hope of making a profit when the value of the currencies changes in favor of the speculator as a result of events that takes place across the globe. This market of exchange has more daily volume - both buyers and sellers - than any other market in the world. The FX market is available 24-hours a day, five days a week. Furthermore, the Forex Market is the largest financial market in the world with daily reported volume of over $1.4 trillion changing hands between buyers and sellers across the globe, making it one of the most exciting markets for trading. Although currency trading is inherently governmental (central banks) and institutional (commercial and investment banks), technological innovations, like the internet, have made it easy for individuals to take part in the currency trading markets and to trade via intermediaries online.

In the FX market you can buy or sell one currency for another. When you buy a currency, you are said to be "long" in that currency and when you sell a currency, you are said to be "short" in that currency. As the value of one currency rises or falls relative to another, traders decide to buy or sell currencies in order to make profits - since the objective is to earn a profit from their position. Placing a trade in the foreign exchange market is simple and the mechanics of a trade are virtually identical to those found in other markets. Because of the symmetry of currency transactions, you are always simultaneously long in one currency and short in another. An open position is one that is live and ongoing. As long as the position is open, its value will fluctuate in accordance with the exchange rate in the market. To close out your position, you conduct an equal and opposite trade in the same currency pair. For example, if you have gone long in one lot of EUR/USD you can close out that position by subsequently going short in one EUR/USD lot (at the prevailing bid price).

Example of How FX Trade Works
Trader's Action
Euros
US Dollars
A trader purchases 10,000 Euros in the beginning of 2001 when the EUR/USD rate was .9600.
+10,000
-9,600
In May of 2003 the trader exchanges his 10,000 Euro back into US dollar at the market rate of 1.1800.
-10,000
+11,800
In this example, the trader earned a gross profit of $2,200.
0
+2,200

Post-12- FOREGIN EXCHANGE MARKET

Forex or Foreign Exchange market is the largest financial market in the world. This market has a daily average turnover of US$1.9 trillion dollars a day which is greater than the combined volume of all U.S. equity markets.

Foreign Exchange is a cash market in foreign currencies made by large banks. In this market, currencies are bought and sold and exchange rates are determined. Unlike the Stock Market, Forex works on a 24 hour clock allowing for after hours trading. The Forex Market allows you the freedom and flexibility to build your portfolio on your timetable not the Stock Exchanges.

Forex market trading does not occur on the Stock Exchange and is considered an Over The Counter market as is the NASDAQ. These transactions can occur electronically or over the phone.

Post 11-What is Mesothelioma?

Malignant mesothelioma is cancer that starts in the cells that line certain parts of the body, especially the chest, belly (abdomen), and heart. The lining formed by these cells is called mesothelium. These cells protect organs by making a special fluid that allows the organs to move. For instance, this fluid makes it easier for the lungs to move during breathing.

Tumors of the mesothelium can be benign or they can be cancerous. A cancerous tumor of the mesothelium is called a malignant mesothelioma, but this is often shortened to just mesothelioma. The information that follows covers only those tumors that are cancer.

Main types of mesothelioma

There are 3 main types of mesotheliomas based on how the cells look under a microscope.
epithelioid: This is the most common type. It tends to have a better outlook (prognosis) than the other types.
sarcomatoid (fibrous): About 1 or 2 out of 10 mesotheliomas are of this type.
mixed (biphasic): This type has features of the 2 types above. About 3 or 4 out of 10 mesotheliomas are the mixed type.

About 3 out of 4 mesotheliomas start in the chest cavity.
These are called pleural mesotheliomas. Another 10%-20% begin in the abdomen (belly).
These are called peritoneal mesotheliomas. Those starting around the heart are very rare. This cancer can also start in the tissue around the testicles, but this is also very rare.

Post-10- Structured settlements

Have you brought a lawsuit against a company or an individual that you claim caused you permanent harm as a result of their negligence or intentional misconduct? (that’s just a fancy “lawyer” way of saying that you’re hurt and you say it’s their fault). Did you win or settle your lawsuit? If so, then you need to understand the basics about structured settlements, as it may be an important option to consider.
Ordinarily, when you win a judgment or settle your lawsuit the defendant has to pay you the judgment or settlement amount in a lump sum. Let’s say, for example, you have a form of cancer caused by asbestos called asbestosis. You sue the asbestos manufacturer, who agrees to settle out of court for a million dollars (don’t get excited or disappointed; this is just an imaginary amount for example purposes). You get a check for a million dollars, right?
That’s one option, but a structured settlement might make more sense depending on your circumstances. A structured settlement pays you in installments over time instead of a single lump sum.
Installment payments can be structured in a number of ways to suit your needs and to protect you from inflation. They can range from a simple yearly payment to complex arrangements consisting of an initial lump sum payment, monthly indexed installments, deferred payments, and special provisions relating to the future care or death of the insured.
Typically, the defendant would purchase an annuity (from an annuity or insurance company) for a dollar amount that is paid up front. The annuity provides regularly scheduled income payments as specified by you and your attorney under the terms of the structured settlement.
What are the advantages of a structured settlement? Well, for one thing, you are guaranteed a source in income for life. A second important advantage is tax management: you may be able to substantially reduce the taxes you would have to pay Uncle Sam on any investment income that would otherwise accrue from investment of a lump sum settlement.
Apart from the tax savings, it’s also important to “know thy self” when making a decision about structured settlements. Are you the kind of person who would head to Vegas, do a little world travel, buy lots of toys, and basically blow your money until you have nothing left of your million dollars in a year or two? If so, a structured settlement might be the way to go.
There are some negatives, however, that you need to be aware of. First, once you agree to it, you are stuck with the terms of the structured settlement. You cannot change it at some later date. Hence, it’s very important to be represented by a good attorney and tax advisor who will help negotiate structured settlement terms that meet your needs, such as protection from rising inflation. If you don’t expect to live very long, on the other hand, you may want a settlement that guarantees a minimum payment even if you die before the guarantee period expires. This can protect your family or beneficiaries from being left without financial resources.
Contrary to the suspicions of some uniformed plaintiffs, structured settlements are not intended to and do not (assuming you are represented by a decent lawyer) re-assess or change your award. They are simply a device to allow for payment of your judgment or settlement over time, or on an installment basis. They are flexible and can be structured to meet many needs and life circumstances.
People who receive structured settlement payments however may decide at some point during the life of the settlement that they need more money in the short term rather than periodic payments over time. In this case, some people opt for a structured settlement factoring transaction. With this type of transaction the structured settlement recipient can sell (or encumber) all or part of their future periodic payments for a present lump sum.
While a structured settlement is not appropriate for everyone, they can be very useful, depending on your needs. Your attorney can help you evaluate whether they are suitable for you. Some additional links with more information about structured settlements are included at the bottom of this page.

An overview of the Forex market

The Forex market is a non-stop cash market where currencies of nations are traded, typically via brokers. Foreign currencies are constantly and simultaneously bought and sold across local and global markets and traders' investments increase or decrease in value based upon currency movements. Foreign exchange market conditions can change at any time in response to real-time events.

The main enticements of currency dealing to private investors and attractions for short-term Forex trading are:

• 24-hour trading, 5 days a week with non-stop access to global Forex dealers.
• An enormous liquid market making it easy to trade most currencies.
• Volatile markets offering profit opportunities.
• Standard instruments for controlling risk exposure.
• The ability to profit in rising or falling markets.
• Leveraged trading with low margin requirements.
• Many options for zero commission trading.

Forex trading

The investor's goal in Forex trading is to profit from foreign currency movements. Forex trading or currency trading is always done in currency pairs. For example, the exchange rate of EUR/USD on Aug 26th, 2003 was 1.0857. This number is also referred to as a "Forex rate" or just "rate" for short. If the investor had bought 1000 euros on that date, he would have paid 1085.70 U.S. dollars. One year later, the Forex rate was 1.2083, which means that the value of the euro (the numerator of the EUR/USD ratio) increased in relation to the U.S. dollar. The investor could now sell the 1000 euros in order to receive 1208.30 dollars. Therefore, the investor would have USD 122.60 more than what he had started one year earlier. However, to know if the investor made a good investment, one needs to compare this investment option to alternative investments. At the very minimum, the return on investment (ROI) should be compared to the return on a "risk-free" investment. One example of a risk-free investment is long-term U.S. government bonds since there is practically no chance for a default, i.e. the U.S. government going bankrupt or being unable or unwilling to pay its debt obligation.

When trading currencies, trade only when you expect the currency you are buying to increase in value relative to the currency you are selling. If the currency you are buying does increase in value, you must sell back the other currency in order to lock in a profit. An open trade (also called an open position) is a trade in which a trader has bought or sold a particular currency pair and has not yet sold or bought back the equivalent amount to close the position.

However, it is estimated that anywhere from 70%-90% of the FX market is speculative. In other words, the person or institution that bought or sold the currency has no plan to actually take delivery of the currency in the end; rather, they were solely speculating on the movement of that particular currency.

Post-- What is Mini Forex Trading?

The simple sense of Forex (Forex currency exchange,Foreign Exchange) is simultaneous purchase and sale of the currency or the exchange of one country's currency for the one of another country. The world currencies do not have a fixed exchange rate and are always fluctuating being traded in the currency pairs like Euro/Dollar, Dollar/Yen an others. 85% of daily trades are taken by major currencies trading.

Investments usually deal with 4 major pairs: Euro against US dollar, US dollar against Japanese yen, British pound against US dollar, and US dollar against Swiss franc or EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD, and USD/CHF used to sign these pairs accordingly. These major pairs are considered as Forex market's "blue chips". You will not receive any dividends on the currencies. Well known "buy low - sell high" gives the profit for currency trades.

In case you have a forecast that one currency would get higher to another you can exchange the second one for the first one and wait for the profit. If you are lucky to see the trades following your forecast you can make an opposite transaction and to exchange currencies back gaining the profit.

Forex transactions are carried out by Forex brokerage companies, also known as major banks dealers. Forex market is worldwide and your European colleagues may make a transaction with Japanese traders when it's time for you to sleep in the North America. There are 3 shifts for the major institutions to work in due to 24-hours a day activity of the Forex market. It's possible to ask for overnight execution for take-profit and stop-loss orders of the client.

Prices in the Forex market fluctuate without any dramatic changes unlike stock market where considerable gaps are likely to be seen. There isn't any problems entering and exit the market due to its daily turnover of about $1.2 trillion. Forex market can not ever be forced to stop. The transactions were carried out even in 2001, on September, 11th.

Foreign exchange market (also called Forex of FX to shorten the name) is the oldest market in the world. It is also seen to be the largest one. Being currencies' primary market working 24-hours a day, Forex is also the largest market with highest liquidity. This is an interbank market carrying out spot (or cash) transactions. The currency futures market, to be compared with Forex is traded only 1% as much.

Forex market doesn't have any exchange center unlike the stock market. Forex trading seem to go after the sun around the world, from banks of the United States to other parts of the world like Australia, New Zealand, the Far East or Europe and back to the US some time later.

High minimum amount of transaction and strict financial requirements used to make this interbank market unavailable for small speculators. The only dealers of currency markets were banks, huge-amount speculators and largest currency dealers. They had an ultimate access to this market dealing with lots of primary exchange rates of the world currencies, the market with an extremely high liquidity along with an unusually strong nature of trends.

Nowadays small traders have an opportunity to purchase the small lots (units), as a result of the large inter-bank units being split by market maker brokers like FX Solutions, at the amount they like.

The traders of any size like small companies and individual speculators have an access to the market at the same price fluctuations and exchange rates which only large players used to enjoy recently. Market makers monitor the rates so that produce their profit on the difference of rates at which the currency was bought and sold.

Foreign Exchange Market has an acronymic name Forex. It has the largest size and the liquidity throughout the world nowadays. Forex daily transactions are carried out at the common amount from 1 to 3 trillion dollars. There is no stock market that is able to deal with a comparable amount of money.

This enormous market is like the dangerous sea where you can meet lots of sharks and dangerous waters but at the same time it is the only one where two weeks of trading can hypothetically bring you $1,000,000 out of $1,000 of initial investment.

This is certainly hypothetically because a lot of newbie traders deal with their trades as gambling, that surely bring them to having nothing in the end. You should always keep the phrase "be careful!" in your mind. This market would give you its profit possibilities only if you learn the basic things hard and make lots of demo trading.

The statistics is that as much as 95% of traders come to losing their money at Forex, 5% have profit and less than 1% of traders make large fortune at Forex. You shouldn't produce, sell or advertise anything trading at Forex. Your assets are your knowledge, experience and a small amount of cash.

This market is a platform for banks, transnational corporations and individual traders to change the currencies they possess into other ones. This is the spot Forex market. At this market you can trade with up to 1:400 leverage which means that you'll get $400 on your account for each dollar invested. So, you can trade with the $400,000 sum having invested $1,000 onto your account.

Still, lots of experienced traders consider such leverage dangerous and won't get started with it. Though, if you know how ho use such high leverage it will do you only good. But this is the place to stop speaking about the basic things. Keep reading these articles if you want to be aware of how this market has occurred and some of its historical matters.

Now it is time to speak about the strategies and the way of making money at Forex some traders use. First we should say that the things that work in one case do not certainly work in another. The fact is that currency trading surely means risk. Still, there are a number of strategies for the newbie to use to be the winner.

Forex trading may seem very easy but it is not. Your high today earnings may turn into considerable losses even of your starting capital tomorrow.

Post-7- What is Mini Forex Trading?

Although it varies from one broker to the next, a Forex trading account can usually be opened with $2,500 or more. However, for those who are new to the world of currency trading then a Forex mini trading account can often be opened for as little as just $250.

A standard account will usually be operated in trading lots of 100,000 (meaning that you have to purchase 100,000 dollars, euros, yen etc.) whereas a mini Forex account you will normally allow you to trade in lots of just 10,000.

A mini Forex trading account operates by allowing you to use leverage in trading so that you are effectively trading with more money than you actually have in your account. The leverage available will vary between brokers, but is typically in the region of 200 to 1.

So, what does this mean?

If we assume that the minimum required to trade a lot is $10,000 then, with a leverage of 200 to 1, you would be able to trade with as little as $50 ($50 X 200 = $10,000) and so, with an initial deposit of $250, you would be able to trade up to 5 lots.

his is of course a very simple introduction to online mini account Forex trading and there is a little bit more to it than portrayed here.

Nevertheless, the principle behind Forex mini trading is simply to allow those who are just starting out in the world of foreign exchange trading to learn the ropes without investing too much money or taking too high a risk.

Just look for Forex mini online or a Forex managed mini account and find a broker who offers a Forex mini demo and the best mini Forex fully automated trading.

Post-6- Forex Trading

A Market Which Never Closes

Many of the trading markets around the world are situated in fixed locations and operate within strict trading hours, often limited to just five or six hours a day between Monday and Friday. The Forex market however is open 24 hours a day.

This means that traders can not only take advantage of international events and react literally as they happen, but they also have the ability set their own trading hours. If you prefer to work in the mornings then that’s fine but, if this doesn’t suit you, then you can choose to trade during the afternoon, late evening or even in the middle of the night if you want to.

Low Trading Costs

In many markets, like the equity market, traders not only have to pay a spread (the difference in price between buying and selling a stock) but also have to pay a commission to the broker. On small trades this commission can typically be about $20 and this can rise rapidly to over $100 for larger trades.

Because the foreign currency exchange market is a wholly electronic market many of the traditional trading costs are eliminated and you are in affect reduced to paying nothing more than the spread. In addition, the extremely liquid nature of the global currency exchange market means that spreads are normally much tighter than those seen in other markets.

The Ability To Trade On High Leverage

In most markets where a trader has an opportunity to trade on leverage the leverage offered is often quite low. In the case of equity markets, for example, professional equity day traders will normally operate on a leverage of about ten times their capital. In the Forex market by contrast it is quite common to find that traders are permitted to trade at one hundred to two hundred times their capital.

A downside of high leverage is that it can of course lead to high losses as well as high gains. However, within the foreign currency market, risk management is extremely tightly controlled.

Limited Slippage

In currency trading trades are executed immediately using real-time prices at which firms will buy or sell the currencies quoted. In almost all cases this means that the price you see and the price you pay are the same.

This is not often the case in other markets where there can be often considerable delays between placing an order and that order being executed during which time the price will often move against you.

Post-5- The History Of Forex Trading

Some Forex traders choose to use a technical approach when it comes to trading while others are more at home with a fundamental approach. Both approaches are of course sound, but in reality most successful traders use a combination of the two to give them both an overview of the foreign exchange market and to permit them to plot specific entry and exit points for each currency trade.

The idea behind technical analysis is simply that prices rise and fall according to well established trends and that the currency market possesses clearly identifiable patterns which can be seen as long as you know what to look for. Knowledge and experience come into play here, but it is also a question of using the numerous analytical tools that are available and this means having a sound working knowledge not just the patterns of price movement but also of the tools at your disposal.

Many traders also rely on what are known as support and resistance levels. Here ’support’ refers to a low price which is repeatedly seen as being the bottom of the market and from which there is a tendency for prices to rise. A ‘resistance level is a high price beyond which a currency is rarely traded.

The principle here is that, should a currency break through either its support or resistance level, its price is likely to continue in that direction. So, if the price of a currency rises above its resistance level it is considered to be bullish and the price can frequently be expected continue to rise.

Another commonly used tool in foreign currency trading is that of moving averages. A simple moving average (SMA) shows the average price in a given time period (say 7 or 10 days) when the price is plotted out over a longer time period. Forex traders use moving averages to eliminate short term fluctuations in price and to provide a clearer picture of the movements in currency prices. A SMA can be plotted to indicate when prices are displaying a tendency to rise or fall. Prices which rise above the average will frequently continue to rise and, similarly, prices which fall below the average will often continue to fall.

These are just two of the many trading tools that can be used either in isolation or in combination and it is recommended that traders make use of several trading tools to analyze the market. If you are relying on just a single trading tool then trading can often be risky but, if the results from several different tools show that the market is moving in a particular direction then trading can be conducted with a fair degree of confidence.

Many traders will base their trading upon a fundamental analysis of the market and thus base their trading on such things as economic and political events, trade figures, inflation figures, unemployment rates and a host of other similar forms of data.

Post-4- The History Of Forex Trading

The next significant event in the history of Forex trading was the birth of the European Monetary System which effectively came into being in 1979. The European Monetary System got off to something of a shaky start when Britain did not join the system, although she did later participate to a degree by joining the European Monetary System’s exchange mechanism in 1990.

The final major event to affect the Forex market was the establishment of the Euro as the European Union’s single currency in 1998 with eleven member states replacing their national currency with the Euro.

Above all else however it was the free-floating of currencies in 1978 which accelerated the growth of the foreign currency market. Back in 1978 Forex trading displayed a daily turnover of around 5 billion US dollars but, by the turn of this century, that figure had risen to 1.5 trillion US dollars.

Post-3- The History Of Forex Trading

Currency trading can trace its history back to the middle ages when international merchant banker devised the system of using bills of exchange. It is however changes which have occurred during the twentieth century which have really shaped trading in the global currency market we see today.

In the 1930s the British pound was considered to be the world’s principle trading currency and was the currency held by many countries as their main ‘reserve’ currency. London was also seen as the world’s leading foreign exchange center.

Following the Second World War however the British economy was all but destroyed and so the United States dollar took over as the world’s major trading and reserve currency - a position which it still holds today. This said however there are now a number of other currencies, including the Japanese Yen and the Euro, which are also beginning to be seen as major reserve currencies.

It was also following the Second World War that a number of events took place which have been instrumental in shaping today’s Forex market.

The first of these was the conclusion of the Bretton Woods Accord in 1944 in which the United States, Britain and France agreed that they would stabilize world currency markets by pegging the major world trading currencies to the US dollar (which was itself pegged to the price of gold). This accord held that when the price of a currency fluctuated by more than one percent against the US dollar then the central bank of the country in question had to step in and buy or sell the currency to bring it back into its one percent bracket.

The Accord also spawned the establishment of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which was designed to produce a stable system for the sale and purchase of currencies and to ensure that international currency transactions were conducted smoothly and in a timely fashion.

The IMF also created a consultative forum aimed at both promoting international co-operation and facilitating the growth of world trade. At the same time it also broke down many of the exchange restrictions which were hindering international trade.

The IMF was also tasked with making financial resources available to member states on a temporary basis where this was felt to be necessary in furtherance of the aims of the IMF. Loans were normally only made only on condition that the government of the country to which a loan was made undertook to make substantial changes to rectify the situation which had given rise to the need for the loan.

Without any doubt however the most significant events as far as the Forex market is concerned was seen when the IMF proposed that currencies should become ‘free-floating’ in 1978. This allowed currencies to be traded at a price which was determined solely by the law of supply and demand and that there was no longer any requirement for currencies to be pegged to the dollar or for central banks to intervene in currency trading. Central banks could of course continue to intervene if they wished to do so, but any intervention would be entirely a matter of choice and would no longer be a requirement as it had been under the Bretton Woods Accord.

Post-2- The History of Forex

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund are collectively known as the Bretton Woods Institutions. Under the Bretton Woods Exchange System, the base currency, being the US Dollar, was pegged to the value of gold at a rate of $35 per ounce. Other currencies were then pegged to the US Dollar and allowed to fluctuate 1% either way. However, this fixed exchange rate system allowed any country to devalue or revalue its currency to fulfill the local financial and economic needs, particularly to make their exports more competitive in the global market. The massive US balance of payments deficits of early 1960's began casting shadows of doubt in the strength of the US dollar.

During the same decade, the currency crisis in Europe, mainly in the United Kingdom, France and Germany brought about the end of the Bretton Woods accord.

The United States, under president Nixon, reacted in 1971 by devaluing the dollar and forcing realignment of currencies with the dollar. The Bretton Woods Accord was thereby replaced by the Smithsonian Agreement. It was similar to the Bretton Woods Accord in that it worked on a fixed rate but was not backed by gold and also allowed for a 2.5% fluctuation instead of the previous 1%.

In 1972, the European community tried to move away from its dependency on the dollar. The European Joint Float was established by West Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxemburg. The agreement was similar to the Bretton Woods Accord, but allowed a greater range of fluctuation in the currency values.

Both agreements made mistakes similar to the Bretton Woods Accord and collapsed. The collapse of the Smithsonian agreement and the European Joint Float in 1973 signified the official switch to the free-floating system. This occurred by default, as there were no new agreements to take their place. Governments were now free to peg their currencies, semi-peg or allow them to freely float. In 1978, the free-floating system was officially mandated.

This market is popularly known as the International Monetary Market or IMM. This IMM is not a single entity. It is a collection of all financial institutions that have any interest in foreign currencies all over the world. Banks, Brokerages, Fund Managers, Government Central Banks and sometimes individuals are just a few examples of these institutions.

In a final effort to gain independence from the dollar, Europe created the European Monetary System in July of 1978. Like all of the previous agreements, it failed in 1993.

Forex History Changes With The Introduction of The Internet.
During 1994, online currency trading made its debut, with the first online Forex transaction done. Since then, the market has grown to what it is today, with a total circle of more than $2.5 trillion every day. The big change in Forex history is that now anyone could participate and invest in the market. The vast amount of people trading online Forex is due mostly to the option of margin investments that are available with online Forex trading.

On January 1, 2002, the history of Forex trading was changed with theintroduction of the Euro as the official currency between twelve European nations. The Euro is now the second most frequently traded currency in Forex markets. The countries first added to the Euro currency were: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain.

London was, and remains the principal offshore market. In the 1980s, it became the key center in the Eurodollar market when British banks began lending dollars as an alternative to pounds in order to maintain their leading position in global finance. London’s convenient geographical location (operating during Asian and American markets) is also instrumental in preserving its dominance in the Euromarket.

Today, the major currencies, such as the U.S. dollar, Euro, British pound, Swiss franc and the Japanese yen, move independently from other currencies. The currencies are traded by anyone who wishes, including an influx of speculation by banks, hedge funds, brokerage houses and individuals. Only on occasion do some of the central banks intervene to move or attempt to move currencies to their desired levels. The underlying factor that drives today's forex markets, however, is supply and demand. The free-floating system is ideal for today's forex markets. The supply and demand of currencies are driven by three factors, including interest rates and interest rate differentials, commodities and global trade.

The forex market is the prime market of the world by all which all others can be considered derivatives (like futures and options).

With this growing volume, 24 hour convenience, the ability to trade anywhere in the world, ease of access to data and information and the leveraged margin accounts from retail brokers, this market is an ideal trading arena.

Post-1- The History of Forex

Foreign exchange of currencies can be dated back to ancient times, when merchants of different sorts traded coins from country to country. In ancient Egypt the first coins were used, and paper notes were added later on by the Babylonians. The history of Forex continues in the middle ages when foreign exchange was maintained by international banks. This enabled a growth of the European powers and contributed to the spread of foreign currencies throughout Europe and the middle east. The history of Forex is therefore perhaps the longest of all the other markets, and this is one of the advantages of Forex over other market options.

1816-The Gold Standard Changes Forex History
The gold standard was a trading standard that was used as a fixed value for trading commodities. This means a certain weight in gold was established and used to trade for other currencies. This started to be in use in 1816, when the British pound was defined as 123.27 grains of gold. This meant that the British banks had a specific value that was defined and this in turn helped set the UK standard currency as stable.

Simplified..
The strength of a country's currency depended on the amount of gold reserves the country maintained. So, if country A's gold reserves are double the gold reserves of country B, country A's currency would be twice in value when exchanged with the currency of country B.

The US and the rest of the world adopted the gold standard by 1880. Under the gold exchange, currencies gained a new phase of stability as they were backed by the price of gold. But the gold exchange standard didn’t lack faults. As an economy strengthened, it would import heavily from abroad until it ran down its gold reserves required to back its money; consequently, the money supply would shrink, interest rates rose and economic activity slowed to the extent of recession. Ultimately, prices of goods had hit bottom, appearing attractive to other nations, who would rush into buying sprees that injected the economy with gold until it increased its money supply, and drive down interest rates and recreate wealth into the economy. Such boom-bust patterns prevailed throughout the gold standard until the outbreak of World War I interrupted trade flows and the free movement of gold and the European nations stopped using the gold standard.

Up until WWII, Great Britain's currency, the Great British Pound, was the major currency by which most currencies were compared. This changed when the Nazi campaign against Britain included a major counterfeiting effort against its currency. The UK had suffered a great financial blow and its economical state was disastrous. In fact, WWII vaulted the U.S. dollar from a failed currency after the stock market crash of 1929 to a benchmark currency by which most other international currencies were compared.

At a conference held at Bretton Woods in New Hampshire in 1944, a new international financial framework was introduced specifically to stabilize world trade and the global economic situation. Particularly affected were Europe and Japan.